Dynasties of Portslade: A Historical Account of Its Notable Families
I. Introduction: Setting the Scene of Historic Portslade
Portslade, a locality steeped in history, traces its origins back to the Domesday Book, where it was first recorded as 'Porteslamhe'.1 This initial documentation reveals a small downland village whose foundational structures, the Norman church of St Nicolas (established circa 1170) and the Old Manor (also from the Norman period), shaped its early development.1 The village's street pattern, largely medieval in origin, reflects centuries of gradual expansion and organic growth.1 For an extended period, Portslade sustained itself primarily as a modest farming and fishing community, its economy rooted in traditional downland sheep-corn husbandry.1
However, the late 18th and 19th centuries ushered in a period of profound transformation and expansion for Portslade. This era was marked by the construction of grand, detached villas with walled gardens, alongside smaller terraces and cottages, indicating a growing desirability of the area as a place of residence.1 Industrial enterprises, such as the prominent Italianate brewery, also emerged, fundamentally altering the village's economic landscape.1 A pivotal moment in Portslade's evolution was the advent of the railway, which catalysed the development of Copperas Gap into the industrial Portslade-by-Sea, creating a distinct identity from the historically rooted Portslade Village.2
The historical narrative of Portslade is inextricably interwoven with the stories of its prominent families. These dynasties, through their significant land ownership, religious patronage, philanthropic endeavours, and industrial ventures, profoundly shaped the architectural, social, and economic character of the area. Their lasting legacies are evident in the enduring structures of churches, manor houses, and even the very street patterns that define the locality. The influence of these families provides a lens through which to understand the evolution of Portslade from a medieval settlement to a Victorian-era community undergoing significant change.
To provide a concise overview of the key players in Portslade's history, the following table summarises the most significant families discussed in this report, highlighting their primary contributions and associated properties or institutions.
Table 1: Key Notable Families and Their Primary Contributions/Associations in Portslade
II. Medieval Roots: Lords of the Manor
The earliest documented influence on Portslade's history stems from the powerful families who held its manor, shaping its foundational structures and early governance.
The de Warenne Family
The Manor of Portslade, originally known as the Manor of Atlingworth, began its construction in the 1130s under the patronage of William de Warenne, the 2nd Earl of Surrey.4 Upon his death in 1148, the manor passed to his illegitimate son, Rainald de Warenne, and remained within the de Warenne lineage throughout the 12th century.4 The de Warennes were figures of considerable regional power, with William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey, holding jurisdiction over the Rape of Lewes, which encompassed Portslade, from 1088 onwards.4
Their influence extended significantly into ecclesiastical affairs. Rainald's son, William de Warenne, was granted the advowson—the right to appoint the priest—of St Nicolas Church in 1191, demonstrating direct control over local religious institutions.5 The family's deep connection to the church's financial well-being is further evidenced by the allocation of Portslade's tithes to the Priory of St Pancras at Lewes, an institution founded by an earlier William de Warenne in 1077.5 This simultaneous control over land, the church, and the economy illustrates a deeply integrated power structure. The family's ability to obtain a royal charter from King Edward II in 1312 for an annual fair in Portslade, coinciding with the Feast Day of Saint Nicolas, further underscores their economic and social authority within the community.1 The Earl Warenne's actions, such as seizing lands (including Portslade) after the Battle of Lewes in 1264 on political pretexts, and his subsequent accusation in 1272 for appropriating the "chace of Portslade," reveal the considerable, and at times controversial, exercise of their power.5 This pattern of control over land, spiritual appointments, and economic privileges perfectly illustrates the broader medieval feudal system in England, where land ownership was the fundamental basis of wealth, status, and political power, leveraged by noble families to solidify their authority and shape the spiritual and social fabric of their territories.
The de Burgh Family
During the tumultuous period of the Battle of Lewes in 1264, Portslade Manor was under the direct control of John de Burgh, although the de Warenne Earl retained overlordship.5 The de Burgh family possessed significant aristocratic connections, which elevated Portslade's standing. John's father, Hubert de Burgh, was a highly influential national figure, serving as Justiciar of England and Earl of Kent in 1226. His military prowess was notable, commanding the English fleet to victory in 1217, an achievement that earned him the moniker "saviour of the national cause".6 Further solidifying their high status, John's father married Margaret, the sister of Alexander, King of Scotland. Their daughter, also named Margaret, was granted Portslade Manor and secretly married the Earl of Gloucester, illustrating how the manor was intertwined with the fortunes of leading noble families.5 The successive ownership of Portslade Manor by such high-ranking and nationally significant noble families (Earls, Justiciars, and those marrying into royal and ducal lines) suggests that Portslade, despite its description as a "small downland village," likely held a strategic or economic value that made it a desirable asset for powerful aristocratic families. This indicates that the village's history was intrinsically linked to broader national political and aristocratic manoeuvring, rather than existing as an isolated rural outpost.
The Fitzalan Family
The presence of the Fitzalan family's coat-of-arms, clearly visible in the highest east corner of the north wall frescoes in St Nicolas Church, indicates their historical connection and potential patronage of the church.5 This link is further supported by the fact that Beatrice, Countess of Arundel, who owned land in Portslade, died in 1439, suggesting a period of their influence.5
III. Stewards of Faith: The Clergy Families
The spiritual life of Portslade, centred around St Nicolas Church, was profoundly shaped by families dedicated to its ministry, often for generations.
The Clutton Priests
The Clutton family stands out for its remarkable continuity in the spiritual leadership of Portslade. Two members of the family served as priests at St Nicolas Church consecutively for an impressive 93 years during the 18th century.5 Revd Ralph Clutton's tenure began on May 17, 1722, under the patronage of King George I, and he earned his MA in 1725. He was diligent in his duties, reporting the church and churchyard to be in "very good repair" in 1724.5 His personal life was also rooted in the parish; he married Elizabeth Dobson in 1726 and had several children, establishing a settled family presence. He passed away in 1761 at the age of 66.5
His son, Revd John Clutton, continued the family's legacy of dedication, serving as vicar of Portslade for over 50 years. His influence extended further as he also held the rectorship of Hangleton, indicating a broader regional ecclesiastical role. His unmarried status and the supportive presence of his sister Elizabeth, who shared in his "labours of love," paint a picture of profound commitment to clerical life.5 He was also involved in the practical administration of the village, evidenced by his signature on the Overseers of the Poor accounts in 1764.5 This goes beyond mere spiritual leadership; the longevity of their service provided immense stability and continuity to the village. Their involvement in the "Overseers of the Poor" indicates a direct role in local social welfare and governance, a function often performed by the church in pre-modern England. This illustrates the central and multi-faceted role of the church and its clergy in English village life for centuries, acting not just as religious figures but also as key community leaders, administrators, and providers of social services before the establishment of modern local government structures.
Owen Clutton, another brother of John, though not entering the church, made a "spectacular marriage" to Elizabeth, daughter of Admiral Isaac Townsend. This connection, along with his aunt Elizabeth leaving her money to his children, highlights the family's extended network into other prominent social circles beyond the clergy.5
The Boyle Family
Revd Vicars Armstrong Boyle assumed the role of vicar of St Nicolas in 1889. Under his incumbency, the Portslade and Hangleton Parish Magazine was launched, a clear initiative to foster community spirit and communication within the growing parish.5 He faced significant financial difficulties, a direct consequence of the increased responsibilities brought about by population growth, underscoring the challenges of managing a developing area.5 His sister, Sophia Courtney Boyle, resided with him at the vicarage and was deeply involved in parish work. Described as a "modern" woman and a fervent supporter of the women's suffrage movement, her active participation signifies the family's engagement with contemporary social issues.5 Her untimely death in 1908 at 47 was a profound shock to the community, commemorated by a memorial tablet.5 These details reveal the pressures and transformations affecting Portslade during the late Victorian and early 20th centuries. Rapid population growth strained traditional parish resources, necessitating new approaches (like the parish magazine). Simultaneously, family members were actively engaging with progressive social movements, indicating a shift in the clergy's family interests from solely ecclesiastical matters to broader societal issues. This highlights how even traditional institutions and the families associated with them were dynamic entities, adapting to and participating in wider societal changes.
Revd Boyle's personal reflections in the parish magazine, such as his writings about nightingales in the vicarage garden, offer a charming glimpse into the still-rural character of Portslade at the turn of the century, portraying it as a "quiet rural retreat" even amidst its development.5 The Boyle family's societal reach extended to military circles; his first cousin, Lieutenant-Commander Courtney Boyle, earned the Victoria Cross in 1915, and his brother, Captain Gerald Boyle, presented certificates at St Nicolas School in 1916. These connections illustrate the family's broader societal contributions beyond the immediate parish.5 Revd Boyle retired in 1919, his service honoured by the installation of a St Francis stained glass window.5
IV. Shaping Victorian Portslade: Benefactors and Industrialists
The 19th century brought significant socio-economic changes to Portslade, largely driven by the actions of philanthropic families and burgeoning industrialists.
The Brackenbury Family
The Brackenburys emerged as one of Portslade's most prominent families, with their family vault located within St Nicolas Church, signifying their deep connection to the community.3 Between 1869 and 1874, the highly ornate Brackenbury Chapel was constructed at the church's west end. This elaborate addition, which starkly contrasted with the church's simpler design, was commissioned and entirely funded by Hannah Brackenbury, who was subsequently buried there upon her death in 1873.3
Hannah Brackenbury was a significant benefactor, generously supporting local causes and charities within Portslade.3 Her philanthropy extended beyond the local area, as she also made substantial donations to Balliol College, Oxford, where a debating society and a building at the college entrance are named in her honour.3 Her commitment to education was particularly impactful: she donated both land and money for the construction of the local primary school, a Gothic-style building completed in 1872. This institution was later renamed St Nicolas School, a lasting testament to her legacy.3 The family's origins trace back to Yorkshire, and they relocated south for a brother's health. Hannah, who remained unmarried, inherited immense wealth derived from "judicious investment in early railway developments" after the deaths of her brothers and niece. This substantial fortune enabled her extensive philanthropic activities.5 This clearly demonstrates a cause-and-effect relationship where new sources of wealth, particularly from emerging industrial sectors like railways, were directly reinvested into the local community, manifesting in both social infrastructure (education, religious buildings).
The chapel itself served a dual purpose: it was a magnificent family mausoleum, reflecting Hannah's profound belief in her descent from an ancient family with Norman Conquest links. It prominently features a black lion crest and the family motto Sans recueller jamais (Without ever drawing back), a motto also found at Balliol College.5 This reveals that Victorian philanthropy was rarely driven by purely altruistic motives. While undeniably beneficial to the community, it often served multiple purposes, including civic improvement, religious devotion, and a strong desire for personal and familial legacy. The construction of an elaborate family chapel, complete with crests and mottos, speaks to a conscious effort to solidify and perpetuate the family's social standing and historical narrative. A trust fund was established in 1874 for the chapel's perpetual upkeep, though by 1946, financial resources for its maintenance had dwindled significantly.5
V. Land, Estates, and Influence: Prominent Property Owners
Beyond medieval lords, several families in later centuries solidified their influence through extensive landholdings and the construction of significant estates, shaping Portslade's physical and social fabric.
The Borrer Family
The Borrer family commissioned and built a new Portslade Manor in 1807, which replaced the older Norman Manor.1 This marked a significant architectural and social shift in the village's landscape. The family's extensive landholdings are evident from the 1840 tithe map, which shows John Borrer owning the entire manor grounds, designated as 'Mansion and Grounds', 'PlaThe Dudney and Mews Families
Around 1850, John Dudney established a brewery in the village, strategically located at the corner of Drove Road and South Street.1 A significant expansion occurred following the repeal of the Malt Tax in 1880, when Dudney embarked on building an expansive new purpose-built brewery, indicating a period of robust growth and substantial investment in local industry.1 In 1884, Dudney sold the brewery to brothers Walter and Herbert Mews. The Mews brothers were likely instrumental in the subsequent construction of workers' housing on the present-day North Road and Southdown Road, demonstrating a direct and crucial link between industrial expansion and the provision of local housing for the growing workforce.1 This illustrates a common and defining pattern of the Victorian era in Britain: the rise of industrial capitalism generated significant private fortunes, which were often channelled into local improvements, civic projects, and philanthropic endeavours. Portslade's transformation from a predominantly agricultural village to one with burgeoning industrial activity and modern social amenities is a direct consequence of this new economic dynamism and the actions of families like the Brackenburys, Dudneys, and Mews.
Herbert Mews further contributed to the architectural landscape by building Whychote, a large residence, in 1895. This property was later acquired in 1928 by Andrew Melville, the owner of Brighton's Grand Theatre, illustrating Portslade's appeal to successful individuals seeking grand residences.1 The brewery continued its industrial importance, being sold to Kemp Town Brewery in 1919, and subsequently to Smithers & Sons Ltd of Brighton. Smithers & Sons further extended the building, consolidating their production in Portslade and enabling the redevelopment of their Brighton brewery site.1
ntation', and 'Youngs Piece' (Pasture).8 John Borrer's influence extended beyond land ownership; he served as a churchwarden at St Nicolas and possessed all the lands north of Easthill, including the area of Mile Oak, primarily dedicated to farming.6 His daughters, Sarah and Kate Borrer, owned Manor Lodge (formerly Portslade Lodge) in 1866, a notable residence opposite the village green. Sarah Borrer's active involvement as a School Manager of St Nicolas School further demonstrates the family's sustained engagement in local institutions.6 The inter-familial connections among Portslade's notable families are highlighted by the transfer of Manor Lodge to Arthur Blaker, a relative, upon Sarah Borrer's death in 1908.6. The Borrer family also had significant banking interests, being proprietors of the Hall, West & Borrer bank in Brighton, indicating diversification of their wealth.9 Further reinforcing these connections, William Borrer, a botanist, is mentioned in relation to the Hall family, as Eardley Nicholas Hall married his daughter Annette, solidifying alliances between prominent local families.9
The Borrer family's tenure as Lords of the Manor is recorded as follows:
Table 2: Lords of the Manor of Portslade (18th-19th Century)
Note: The table includes additional Lords of the Manor from the 18th and 19th centuries to provide broader context for the Borrer family's specific tenure. 10
The Hall Family
The Hall family held substantial land in Portslade, with Nathaniel Hall acquiring the Portslade House Estate, encompassing 272 acres, as early as 1795.12 Their landholdings also extended to Southwick, including the site of a Roman villa.12 Portslade Place, an imposing Georgian mansion built in 1795 with extensive grounds, served as the Hall family's primary residence.9 Eardley Nicholas Hall and his wife Annette (daughter of William Borrer) lived there after their marriage in 1835, underscoring the intermarriage between leading families.9 This pattern reveals that land ownership was not just a source of wealth but the bedrock of social and political influence for these families. They actively employed strategies like intermarriage and inheritance to consolidate and maintain their power across generations, creating a tightly-knit network of prominent families within Portslade and the wider region. This demonstrates a conscious, long-term dynastic strategy, reflecting the deeply entrenched system of the English landed gentry.
Eardley Nicholas Hall was a notable figure in finance, operating as a banker and sometime wine merchant at the family bank of Hall, West & Borrer in Brighton.9 Revd William Hall, despite being Rector of Saxham Parva, Bury St Edmunds, maintained land ownership in Portslade and generously donated the site for the construction of the new St Andrew's Church in Portslade-by-Sea.12 Portslade House, a stately Georgian residence located at the western end of High Street, was occupied by Frederick Richard Mealy Gosset, a retired officer of the Bengal Army, in 1871. This suggests the property's continued status as a significant residence attracting notable individuals.12 While rooted in traditional land ownership, families like the Borrers built a new manor in 1807, replacing the older Norman one.1 The Hall family diversified into banking 9, and the long-standing Blaker family had members serving in modern professions like surgeon and MP.6 This indicates that these prominent families were not static entities clinging solely to traditional agrarian wealth. They demonstrated an ability to adapt to the evolving economic realities of the 18th and 19th centuries.
The Blaker Family
The Blaker family boasts an exceptionally long history in Portslade, with records confirming their presence in the village as early as 1485.5. Their "400-year association with the Parish" highlights their enduring influence, during which they consistently held prominent positions in public life.5 Edward Blaker served as a Member of Parliament for Shoreham in the 17th century, indicating their political reach.6 Their continued influence in local ecclesiastical affairs is demonstrated by three family members serving as Churchwardens of St Nicolas Church in the 19th century.5 Harry Blaker pursued a modern profession, becoming a surgeon in Brighton.6
Easthill House underwent significant enlargement in 1848 for Edward Blaker, transforming it into a grand detached villa with extensive walled gardens.1 The wealthy Blaker family owned Easthill House and its substantial private gardens and stables until 1947, when it was acquired by Portslade Urban Council and converted into a public park for the community's benefit.13 Manor Lodge also served as a residence for influential figures, including members of the Blaker family.13 The family's continued connection to St Nicolas Church is evident in memorials: Mrs. Blaker funded the oak reredos in memory of her son, Lieutenant Arthur Wilfrid Blaker RN, killed in 1915. Later, Mrs. Lloyd, a Blaker relative, financed the restoration of the church's west end in 1947 in memory of her brother, Brian Oscar Blaker.5
VI. Other Families of Note
While some families dominated land ownership or major industries, others left their mark through migration, community presence, or more localised contributions.
The Still Family
The Still family, with roots in Sussex, had members born directly in Portslade, including Richard Still (born 1820), and his younger siblings Walter (born 1823) and Mary (born 1824).14 Ezekial Still, born in Portslade in 1827, notably emigrated to America.14 The broader narrative of the Still family extends significantly beyond Portslade, with branches migrating to America, Canada, and Jersey. This highlights the widespread patterns of emigration from rural English communities in the 19th century.14 The detailed publication on the Still family draws heavily on extensive genealogical research, underscoring the importance of family history studies in uncovering the demographic and social dynamics of local populations 14
Remarkably, the broader Still family (though not necessarily direct descendants of the Portslade branch, but part of the larger lineage) includes highly eminent figures in American history. These include Commodore Isaac Chaucey, Joseph Strong (a jurist and Congressman), Samuel Goodrich (a prominent publisher and writer), Frederick Law Olmsted (the renowned landscape architect behind Central Park), Guy Lowell (an architect of many prominent buildings), and Joseph Wright Alsop (a newspaper columnist and political analyst). Furthermore, John Still became Bishop of Bath and Wells in 1592.14 This demonstrates that "notable" families are not solely defined by their continuous presence and contributions within a single locality. Some families, originating from a seemingly small place like Portslade, can have branches that achieve significant prominence on a national or even international scale through migration and individual achievement. This highlights the dynamic and far-reaching nature of family histories, revealing how seemingly minor local origins can connect to major historical narratives and influential figures across continents.
The Coom Family
The Coom family maintained a significant presence in Portslade, evidenced by the sturdy tombstone of George and Fanney Coom in St Nicolas churchyard, who passed away in the 1770s.15 The Burial Register of St Nicolas Church records a substantial number of Cooms buried between 1813 and 1841—no fewer than eleven individuals, including babies and children. This indicates a large and long-standing presence of the family within the village.15 A newspaper account from 1865 mentions John Coom, a cripple, in connection with a local incident. This snippet offers a rare glimpse into the everyday lives, and sometimes hardships, experienced by ordinary residents of Portslade.15 The tragic loss of Charles Coom, aged 21, at sea in 1833, suggests that some members of the family were involved in maritime activities, reflecting Portslade's coastal proximity.15 While the report focuses on "notable" families in the traditional sense, the Coom family is highlighted through their sheer numbers and their collective contribution to the daily life, labour, and demographic reality of the village. This serves as a crucial reminder that the majority of Portslade's population consisted of ordinary people whose lives, though less documented in grand historical narratives, formed the essential bedrock of the community.
The DeBraose Family
The DeBraose family is mentioned as "Lords of the Manor" in the context of a Portslade History Day talk.17 While specific dates or detailed contributions are not provided in the available information, their inclusion in such a historical event suggests their past significance in the manorial history of Portslade.
The Mews Family (Additional Context)
Beyond their industrial contributions with the brewery, Herbert Mews was responsible for building Whychote, a large and notable residence, in 1895.1 This property was later acquired in 1928 by Andrew Melville, the owner of Brighton's Grand Theatre, underscoring Portslade's appeal as a desirable residential location for successful individuals.1 After acquiring the brewery in 1884, the Mews brothers were likely responsible for the construction of workers' housing on what are now North Road and Southdown Road. This highlights their direct role in shaping the residential landscape and accommodating the growing industrial workforce.1
VII. Conclusion: The Enduring Legacy of Portslade's Families
Portslade's rich history is a profound testament to the multifaceted and enduring influence of its notable families. From the medieval overlords, such as the de Warennes and de Burghs, who laid the foundational structures of manor and church, to the steadfast 18th-century clergy families like the Cluttons who provided spiritual and social continuity, and the transformative 19th-century benefactors (Brackenburys) and industrialists (Dudneys, Mews) who spearheaded modernisation, their contributions are evident across the physical landscape.1 This includes the construction and evolution of manor houses, churches, schools, breweries, and worker housing. Beyond physical structures, they shaped the social fabric through philanthropy, community leadership, and engagement with pressing social issues of their times.
The intricate interconnections among these families—through marriage, shared land ownership, and collective civic duties—underscore the presence of a tightly-knit community of influence that consistently shaped Portslade over many centuries. Even families whose members migrated further afield, like the Stills, demonstrate the dynamic nature of local populations and their broader, sometimes international, impact, illustrating that local history is often part of a wider human story.
The evolution of these families, from feudal lords to agrarian gentry, then to industrial entrepreneurs and civic philanthropists, mirrors the broader socio-economic transformations that swept across England. The transitions observed in Portslade's families—from manorial control to commercial enterprise, and the rise of industrial wealth funding philanthropy—are not unique to Portslade but reflect larger national trends. This demonstrates that the study of local history, when examined through the lens of its prominent families, offers a tangible and relatable way to understand complex national historical processes. Portslade's story serves as a compelling microcosm, illustrating how grand historical forces and societal transformations play out at the community level, impacting individual lives and local landscapes.
The rich and detailed historical accounts available, particularly through the dedicated work of local historians like Judy Middleton, are indispensable for understanding and preserving these complex family histories.2 Her comprehensive works, such as The Encyclopaedia of Hove & Portslade and Portslade in the Past, provide invaluable resources for local research.3 Furthermore, community-focused events such as Portslade History Day play a crucial role in engaging residents with their town's vibrant past, ensuring these legacies continue to be recognised and celebrated.17 Families actively invested in creating lasting physical and institutional legacies: the Brackenburys built a chapel and school 3, the Borrers a new manor 1, the Halls a grand estate 9, and the Mews brothers worker housing.1 Many families have memorials in St Nicolas Church.5 These actions reveal a conscious and powerful drive among these families to leave a permanent mark on Portslade. Their desire for enduring memory was a significant motivator, influencing their investments in infrastructure, institutions, and even the physical naming of places. This speaks to the universal human desire for permanence and influence beyond one's lifetime, highlighting how historical memory is actively constructed and preserved through the physical and institutional marks left by influential individuals and families. These legacies continue to inform the identity and character of Portslade, making the past tangible in the present and demonstrating the long-term impact of familial ambition and contribution.
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